Turmeric and Curcumin Supplements and Spices Review

Testing Methods:

1. Quantification of curcuminoid content by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (USP-DSC 2022).
2. Analyses for lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury content by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) for products containing whole herbs and/or more than 250 mg of minerals per daily dose.
3. Disintegration of tablets (excluding chewable, sublingual and time-release formulations) utilizing USP United States Pharmacopeia (USP) <2040> methodology for the disintegration of dietary supplements.

Passing Score:*

1. Contain 100% and no more than 150% of its claimed and minimum expected curcuminoids. Total curcuminoids were calculated as the sum of curcumin, desmethoxycurcumin and bisdesmethoxycurcumin. Root/rhizome powders were expected to provide a minimum of 3% (% wt/wt) total curcuminoids and, for extracts, a minimum of 20% total curcuminoids (% wt/wt) (USP-DSC 2022). The minimum was applied if the product did not state an amount of curcuminoids from a turmeric-based ingredient or if the claimed amount was lower than the expected minimum. (Not applicable to spices)
2. Heavy Metals: Products containing whole herbs and/or more than 250 mg of minerals per daily dose must not exceed the following limits:
   Lead:
   For Supplements:
   • Products marketed for use by children may not exceed the State of California's Prop 65 limits for lead in dietary supplements of 0.5 mcg per recommended daily serving with an additional allowance of 0.8 mcg if the product contains more than 1,000 mg/day of calcium.
   • Products with a single serving weight of less than 5 grams which are not marketed for use by children, may not exceed the 0.5 mcg per recommended daily serving (based on the state of California's Prop 65 limit for lead in dietary supplements, above which a warning is required regarding reproductive harm, birth defects, and cancer risks) with an additional allowance of 0.4 mcg if containing 250 to 999 mg/day of any combination of elemental calcium, potassium and magnesium, 0.8 mcg if containing 1000 mg/day of any combination of these minerals. An additional 0.5 mcg is provided if containing 250-999 mg/day of whole herb (not extract) ingredient or 1.0 mcg for products containing 1000 mg/day or more of whole herb (not extract). However, total lead allowance will not exceed 2 mcg per daily serving.
   • Products with single serving weights of 5 grams or more which are not marketed for children may not exceed 2.5 mcg per serving nor 4.0 mcg per daily serving.
   For Spices¹:
   • Must not exceed 1 microgram per gram.
   Cadmium:
   For Supplements:
   • If marketed for use by children, may not exceed 3.0 micrograms of cadmium per recommended daily serving (based on Canada's limit for a child weighing 75 lbs.). If not marketed for use by children, may not exceed 4.1 micrograms of cadmium per recommended daily serving (above which California's Prop 65 law requires a "reproductive harm" warning due to developmental toxicity and male reproductive harm).
   For Spices¹:
   • Must not exceed 3 micrograms per gram.
   Arsenic:
   • Contain less than 10 micrograms of arsenic per daily serving (EPA limit and state of New Jersey limits - based on 1 liter of water. Products found to exceed this amount are tested for inorganic arsenic and must contain no more than 2.1 micrograms of inorganic arsenic per daily serving (Canada's limit in natural health products).
   For Spices¹:
   • Must not exceed 10 micrograms of total arsenic or 2.1 micrograms of inorganic arsenic per gram.
   Mercury:
   For Supplements and Spices¹:
   • May not exceed 2 micrograms of mercury per daily serving (based on EPA limit for mercury in 1 liter of water).
3. Meet recommended USP <2040> parameters of disintegration for dietary supplements (excluding capsule, chewable and time-release products).
4. Be in compliance with FDA labeling requirements.