Reviews and Information for Chocolate
Cocoa Powders, Dark Chocolate, Extracts, Nibs & Supplements
See CL's top picks for best dark chocolate, cocoa powder, cocoa supplement, chocolate chips, and cacao nibs, based on independent tests for cocoa flavanols and contaminants like cadmium. Find out which ones passed or failed our review and learn about cardiovascular, memory, blood sugar, and other effects and side effects of cocoa.
Cocoa Powders, Dark Chocolate, Extracts, Nibs & Supplements ReviewSearch term may appear only in full report available to members. Join now for full access.
Product Review
Nutrition Bars & Cookies Review (For Energy, Fiber, Protein, Meal Replacement, and Whole Foods)
Find the Best Nutrition Bar or Cookie. ConsumerLab Tests Reveals Not All Nutrition Bars and Cookies Contain What They Claim.
Product Review
Protein Powders, Shakes, and Meal Replacements Review
Find Out Which Protein Products Passed or Failed Our Tests
CL Answer
Why is there so much cadmium, a toxin, in cocoa powders but not in dark chocolate?
Learn more about the presence of the toxic heavy metal cadmium in cocoa powder and dark chocolate.
CL Answer
How much fat is there in chocolate? Is it saturated fat?
Learn more about the fat content in dark chocolate & milk chocolate, how much is saturated, and serving size.
CL Answer
What are the health benefits of dark chocolate?
Information on the health benefits of dark chocolate, including how dark chocolate may improve heart health, decrease blood sugar levels and more. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.
CL Answer
Which dark chocolate bar has the most flavanols with the least calories?
Find out which dark chocolates are lowest in calories and contain the most flavanols, according to our lab tests.
CL Answer
How much cocoa or chocolate do I need to consume in order to get a benefit?
Learn more eating chocolate and cocoa including the benefits, amounts and info on studies.
CL Answer
Is the theobromine in chocolate and cocoa good or bad for me?
Find out the benefits and risks of theobromine -- and how much is in dark chocolate.
CL Answer
Does chocolate really cause migraines?
Find out if there is a link between chocolate/cocoa and migraines.
CL Answer
Can chocolate and cocoa powder cause eczema?
Does chocolate and cocoa cause eczema? Find out more, including information about nickel and nickel allergies.
CL Answer
How much caffeine is really in dark chocolate bars?
Just how much caffeine is really in chocolate bars? Get our test results on the caffeine content in dark chocolate and cocoa powder.
CL Answer
Is Hershey's Special Dark better than other dark chocolate bars or cocoa powders?
Find out if Hershey's Special Dark Chocolate bar is better than other dark chocolate bars or cocoa powders, including flavanol content, contamination with lead or cadmium and other tests of quality. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.
CL Answer
Can cocoa and chocolate cause kidney stones?
Find out if cocoa and chocolate can cause kidney stones, such as calcium oxalate kidney stones, the amount of oxalates found in cocoa powders and chocolate bars, and more. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.
CL Answer
How much dark chocolate equals a tablespoon of cocoa powder?
Learn how much dark chocolate will give you the same intake of flavanols as a tablespoon of cocoa powder.
CL Answer
Why does dark chocolate have iron in it? Is it, or cocoa, a good dietary source of iron?
Find out if dark chocolate or cocoa is a good source of iron and if iron from dark chocolate or cocoa can be well-absorbed.
CL Answer
Are cocoa and chocolate products contaminated with the fungal toxin ochratoxin A?
Learn more about toxins associated with cocoa beans and if chocolate contains contaminants like ochratoxin A (OTA).
News Release
February 26, 2024
Latest ConsumerLab Survey Shows Growth in Popularity of Magnesium and Several Smaller Supplements
White Plains, New York, February 26, 2024 — A recent survey of more than 10,000 people who regularly use dietary supplements shows that supplements that experienced the greatest absolute growth in popularity during 2023 were pregnenolone (+7.5 percentage points), magnesium (+4.8 pts), berberine (+4.
News Release
November 02, 2023
Spirulina and “Greens” Supplement Tests Show Some Problems
White Plains, New York, November 2, 2023 — ConsumerLab tests of spirulina, chlorella, and “greens” supplements revealed that tablets of three brands of spirulina failed to disintegrate within the allotted time, and several other products contained amounts of lead unsuitable for regular consumption ...
Clinical Update
7/05/2017
Dark Chocolate & Appetite
A recent study found that women consumed fewer calories after eating dark chocolate than after eating milk or white chocolate. Dark chocolate also resulted in better blood sugar control — an effect noted in other studies of moderate consumption of dark chocolate. Get the details on this and other effects of dark chocolate in the "What It Does" section of the Cocoa and Dark Chocolate Review, which includes our tests and comparisons of popular products.
CL Answer
The distributor of my cacao powder says it checks for "metal fragments" in its products. Is this adequate to check for heavy metals, like cadmium and lead, that you've found in cocoas and chocolates?
Find out if tests such as foreign metal detection can show if cocoa powders and chocolate products are contaminated with heavy metals such as cadmium and lead. See amounts of these toxic heavy metals were found in cocoa and chocolate products tested by ConsumerLab.com
Clinical Update
3/29/2016
Chocolate May Help Exercise
In a tasty new study, men who ate dark chocolate for several days were able to cycle somewhat further than those given a placebo (white chocolate), possibly due to the flavanols in dark chocolate -- which also appear to provide cardiovascular benefit. For details about the study and the chocolate, and ConsumerLab's tests and reviews of dark chocolates and other cocoa-based products, see the Cocoa Powders, Dark Chocolate, Extracts, Nibs & Supplements Review >>
CL Answer
What is the difference between cocoa and cacao? Is one better than the other?
Learn about the difference between cocoa vs. cacao, including cocoa powder, cocoa extracts, cocoa liquor, and cacao nibs. Information about benefits, caffeine, theobromine in cocoa and cacoa, differences between dark chocolate and milk chocolate. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.
Recalls & Warnings
December 04, 2023
Manischewitz Dark Chocolate Coins Recalled Due to Undeclared Milk
On December 1, 2023, Manischewitz issued a recall of one lot of Manischewitz Dark Chocolate Coins because they contain undeclared milk. The recalled lot of coins are labeled as “dark chocolate,” but contain milk chocolate coins.
Product Review
Bone Broth Review
Find the Best Bone Broth. Find Out How Much Collagen and Sodium Is Really In Popular Bone Broths.
Product Review
Olive Leaf Extract Supplements Review
Learn What Olive Leaf Does and the Best Brands
CL Answer
I heard somewhere to avoid chocolate with "processed with alkali" in the ingredients. Is that true?
Learn more about cocoa processed with alkali ("dutched") and its effect on flavanols.
Clinical Update
7/05/2014
Dark Chocolate Improves Walking in Peripheral Artery Disease
A new, small study found that people with peripheral artery disease who consumed dark chocolate with a high cocoa content were able to walk further than they normally could. Consuming milk chocolate did not have this effect. The improvement was seen shortly after consuming just one dose. For more details, including dosage, as well as our tests and comparisons of cocoa supplements and chocolate, see the update to the Cocoa Powders, Extracts and Chocolate (Sources of Flavanols) Review >>
Product Review
Electrolytes & Sports Drinks Review
See Which Sports Drinks, Powders, and Pills Deliver the Right Electrolytes
Product Review
Lion's Mane and Chaga Supplements Review
Read Labels Carefully -- Many Can Mislead
Product Review
Lavender and Tea Tree Essential Oils Review
Oils Tested for Authenticity and Purity
Product Review
Collagen Supplements Review
See our Top Picks for Wrinkles and Joints
News Release
July 26, 2023
Best Collagen Supplements for Skin and Joints, According to ConsumerLab Tests
White Plains, New York, July 26, 2023 — Collagen supplementation may modestly reduce wrinkles and the appearance of cellulite, and moderately decrease joint and tendon pain and improve flexibility in people with osteoarthritis.
CL Answer
Which dietary supplements, health foods or spices contain high levels of lead?
Information about lead and heavy metals in vitamins, supplements and foods. Information on the adverse effects of lead.
CL Answer
I take lisinopril (Zestril), an ACE inhibitor drug to lower blood pressure. Are there supplements I should avoid, or be taking, due to this drug?
When taking ACE inhibitors, find out which supplements should be avoided. Interaction info on Lisinopril or another ACE inhibitors.
Clinical Update
8/06/2020
Chocolate and Cancer
Can eating more chocolate reduce cancer risk? Find out what a recent study showed in the What It Does section of the Dark Chocolates, Cocoa & Cacao Powders, Nibs, and Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for dark chocolate, chocolate chips and cocoa powders.
Clinical Update
12/18/2018
Chocolate and Platelet Function?
A recent study found that eating dark chocolate affected a measure of platelet function. How important is this? Get the details in the Cardiovascular section of the Dark Chocolate and Cocoa Powders Review. (Also see our Top Picks for dark chocolate).
Clinical Update
8/11/2020
Chocolate to Improve Body Composition?
Can eating a small amount of chocolate every day help improve body composition? Find out what a recent study showed in the What It Does section of the Dark Chocolates, Cocoa & Cacao Powders, Nibs, and Supplements Review. Also see our Top Picks for dark chocolate, chocolate chips and cocoa powders.
Clinical Update
4/15/2017
Chocolate May Reduce Diabetes Risk
"Occasional" consumption of chocolate was associated with a lower risk of developing diabetes among certain postmenopausal women, according to new study. For details about this and other effects of chocolate, see the "What It Does" section of the Cocoa Powders, Dark Chocolate, Extracts, Nibs, & Supplements Review >>
Clinical Update
5/30/2017
Heart Risk Lower with Chocolate
Eating chocolate is associated with a reduced risk of developing atrial fibrillation, according to a large, long-term study. Atrial fibrillation is associated with higher risk of stroke, heart failure and other serious problems. Details about this and other benefits of chocolate are found in the "What It Does" section of the Chocolate and Cocoa Powders Review, which includes our findings for the flavanol content and contamination levels of popular products.
Clinical Update
11/08/2017
Dark Chocolate for Memory
Short-term studies suggest that large doses of cocoa flavanols improve certain aspects of memory and cognition. A new study suggests that long-term habitual intake of dark chocolate, which is rich in flavanols, can also help. For more information, see the "What It Does" section of the Dark Chocolate and Cocoa Review >> [Also see our Top Picks for dark chocolate bars in the Review.]
Clinical Update
8/28/2018
Chocolate for the Heart?
Studies suggest cardiovascular benefits from daily intake of cocoa flavanols, as found in dark chocolate. However, a new study, focusing on heart failure, suggests more limited intake. Get the details and our analysis in the Cardiovascular section of the Dark Chocolate, Cocoa Powder, and Nibs Review. (Also see our Top Picks for dark chocolate, cocoa powders, and more.)
Clinical Update
9/25/2021
Dark Chocolate for Mood?
A recent study investigated the effects of consuming dark chocolate on mood. The effect depended on cocoa level. See the results in the Mood and Stress section of our Dark Chocolate and Cocoa Review. Also see our Top Picks among dark chocolate bars and cocoa products.
Clinical Update
11/22/2020
Chocolate for Cognition?
Does eating chocolate improve cognition in postmenopausal women? See what a new study found in the Memory and Cognition section of the Dark Chocolate and Cocoa Review. Also see our Top Picks for dark chocolate, cocoa powders and supplements based on their flavanol content and purity.
Clinical Update
4/28/2023
Copper in Chocolate?
Chocolate and cocoa can be good sources of copper, an essential mineral. Find out how much copper is in chocolates and cocoa in the ConsumerTips section of our Dark Chocolate and Cocoas Review.
Also find out how much cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, we found in popular products, and see our Top Picks among dark chocolate bars, cocoa powders, and cocoa supplements.
CL Answer
Supplements for Eczema: Some May Help, While Others Don’t
Certain supplements may reduce symptoms of atopic dermatitis (the most common form of eczema), while others don't seem to work. Find out if gamma-linolenic acid, L-histidine, phytoceramides, probiotics, and other supplements may be beneficial.
Recalls & Warnings
January 16, 2023
Sanders Dark Chocolate Sea Salt Caramels Recalled Due to Plastic
On December 30, 2022, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency announced the recall of certain lots of Sanders Candy Dark Chocolate Sea Salt Caramels due to pieces of plastic being found in products.
Recalls & Warnings
December 10, 2024
Nu Go Nutrition Bars Recalled
On December 3, 2024, Wegmans announced a recall of Nu Go Dark Chocolate Chocolate Chip Nutrition Bar due to an undeclared milk allergen.
CL Answer
What is acrylamide? Is it true that coffee and cocoa contain this toxin?
Find out what acrylamide is, how much is found in coffee and cocoa, and how you can minimize your intake of acrylamide.
CL Answer
How do I choose the best CoQ10 supplement?
Looking to choose the best CoQ10 brand supplement? Understand which CoQ10 you are buying, differences in dose, absorption, quality and more. ConsumerLab explores this topic.
CL Answer
Is it true that some vitamins or supplements can cause cancer?
Learn more about the effects of certain vitamins and supplements on cancer, including beta-carotene, vitamins E and B9, and multivitamins.
Recalls & Warnings
October 03, 2020
Some "Dairy-Free" Dark Chocolate Found to Contain Undeclared Milk
On October 1, 2020, the FDA announced findings from a study it conducted from 2018 to 2019 that showed that some dark chocolate products claiming to be "dairy-free" or "milk-free" contain undeclared milk.
CL Answer
Are there supplements, foods, or beverages that I should avoid when taking clopidogrel (Plavix)?
Learn about supplement interactions with clopidogrel (Plavix). Supplements that may interact with this medication include cannabidiol (CBD), grapefruit, St. John's wort, ginkgo and others.
Clinical Update
10/03/2020
Undeclared Milk in Dark Chocolates
If you're allergic to milk, be aware that about 10% of "dairy free" dark chocolate bars and chips were recently found to contain milk. Learn more in the Concerns and Cautions section of our Dark Chocolates Review. Also see our Top Picks for dark chocolate.
Clinical Update
4/29/2018
Dark vs. Milk Chocolate for Vision?
A recent study compared the effects on visual acuity of eating a bar of dark chocolate versus milk chocolate. Find out which was better in the Vision section of the Dark Chocolates, Cocoa Powders, and Cacao Nibs Review. (Also see our product tests, comparisons, and Top Picks.)
Clinical Update
7/31/2019
Dark Chocolate & Depression?
Are people who consume dark chocolate less likely to be depressed? Find out what a recent study showed in the Mood and Stress section of the Dark Chocolates and Cocoa Powders Review. Also see our Top Picks for dark chocolates and cocoa powders.
Clinical Update
Clinical Update
4/05/2020
Dark Chocolate for Memory?
Studies show that chocolate high in flavanols can improve cognition in people with cognitive decline. Can it also boost memory in people who are cognitively healthy? Find out in the Memory section of the Dark Chocolate and Cocoa Powders Review. Also see our Top Picks for dark chocolates and cocoa powders.
Clinical Update
8/15/2024
Erythritol Risk in Dark Chocolate?
Some dark chocolate contains erythritol, which has been linked to higher risk of stroke. Find out if the amount of erythritol in Lily’s dark chocolate poses a risk in our Dark Chocolates and Cocoas Review.
Clinical Update
5/24/2024
High Levels of Toxic Metals in Some Chocolates and Cocoas
Recent tests of common chocolates and cocoas sold in the U.S. identified several with disturbingly high levels of the toxic metals cadmium and lead. For details, see the Update in our Dark Chocolate and Cocoa Review. Also see our Top Picks among dark chocolates and cocoas.
Clinical Update
1/16/2024
Dark Chocolate for Focus?
Did eating dark chocolate improve attention in a recent study? Find out in the Memory and Cognition section of our Dark Chocolates & Cocoa Review, which includes our Top Picks among dark chocolate bars and cocoa products.
Also see: Do any supplements, foods or lifestyle modifications help with brain function, like memory and cognition?
Clinical Update
9/10/2014
Lead in Dark Chocolate
Our recent tests of cocoa-based products found problems with many popular brands of cocoa powders, which were high in cadmium and/or lead. No problem was found, however, with a widely-sold dark chocolate bar, which also had a good amount of potentially beneficial flavanols. A new report by academic researchers in Brazil shows that some dark chocolate bars do contain lead in excess of what the FDA permits (although brands were not identified.) More about this, as well as our test results for 15 cocoa products, is found in updated Review of Cocoa/Cacao Powders, Extracts, Nibs, Supplements, and Chocolate >>
Clinical Update
6/28/2017
Some Concern About Theobromine in Dark Chocolate
ConsumerLab's tests of dark chocolates show them to contain about as much theobromine (a caffeine-related stimulant) as heart-healthy flavanols. So is all this theobromine good or bad? A recent study suggests that it may be an issue for people who need to control their blood sugar, while, on the positive side, it lowers LDL "bad" cholesterol. Get the details in the "Concerns and Cautions" section of the Cocoa Powders, Dark Chocolate, Extracts, Nibs, & Supplements Review, which includes comparisons of the amounts of theobromine in popular products, as well as amounts of flavanols, caffeine, and contaminants.
Clinical Update
6/11/2019
Does Dark Chocolate Improve Mood?
A recent study evaluated whether eating dark chocolate improved mood and reduced levels of cortisol, a stress hormone. See the results in the What It Does section of the Dark Chocolate and Cocoa Review. Also see our Top Picks among products.
Clinical Update
12/13/2016
Cocoa for High Blood Pressure?
A new study in which people with mild hypertension were given a cocoa beverage and dark chocolate daily for eight weeks found that it only helped lower blood pressure when people were taking certain blood pressure-lowering medications. For more details about this and other studies with cocoa and dark chocolate, as well as our tests and comparisons of products, see the "What It Does" section of the Cocoa Powders, Dark Chocolate, Extracts, Nibs & Supplements Review >>
Clinical Update
1/20/2023
Dark Chocolate and Blood Thinners
Does dark chocolate increase the blood-thinning effects of medications such as clopidogrel (Plavix) and aspirin? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of our Dark Chocolate & Cocoa Review, which includes our Top Picks among products.
Also see: Are there supplements, foods, or beverages that I should avoid when taking clopidogrel (Plavix)?
Clinical Update
7/22/2022
Cadmium, Lead & Chocolate
A CL member recently asked how cadmium and lead make their way into cocoa and chocolate products. Find out in the Cadmium, Lead and Arsenic section of our Dark Chocolates, Cocoa & Cacao Supplements Review. Also, find out how much cadmium ConsumerLab found in cocoa products.
Clinical Update
12/08/2023
Bad News for Banana & Chocolate Lovers
Mixing cocoa or chocolate with foods like bananas (as in a smoothie) may significantly degrade beneficial cocoa flavanols, according to a new study. Some other fruits don’t cause this problem. Get the details in the ConsumerTips section of our Dark Chocolate and Cocoa Review, and see our Top Picks among products.
Clinical Update
12/01/2023
How Much Caffeine in Chocolate?
Our tests of dark chocolate found roughly 40 mg of caffeine per 40 gram serving in most bars, but there are outliers -- one had more than double that amount. See the amounts of caffeine we found in each bar in the 3rd column of the Results Table of our Dark Chocolate and Cocoa Review.
Clinical Update
10/27/2023
Toxins in Chocolate and Cocoa
Like ConsumerLab, Consumer Reports recently tested chocolates and cocoa products for toxic heavy metals. See our take on some of its product findings in our Dark Chocolate, Cocoa & Cacao Products Review. Also see our Top Picks among products.
Product Review
Fruits, Veggies, and Other Greens Supplements Review (Including Spirulina and Chlorella)
Avoid Lead in Greens, Problems with Pills, and Don't Give Up Eating Whole Foods.
Clinical Update
7/15/2022
New Cocoa Top Pick
We've just tested and Approved three CocoaVia products through our voluntary Quality Certification Program and one is now a Top Pick. Find out how these compare to other cocoa supplements, powders, dark chocolate bars, chips, and nibs – as well as our Top Picks among these, in our updated Dark Chocolate and Cocoa Review.
Clinical Update
3/22/2022
Does Cocoa Lower Risk of Cardiovascular Death?
Results were recently published for the largest study to-date of cocoa extract given to older men and women. See if it helped lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and death in the Cardiovascular section of our Dark Chocolate & Cocoa Review. Also see our Top Picks among dark chocolate bars, cocoa powders, nibs, and supplements.
Clinical Update
1/27/2023
Cocoa for Insulin Resistance?
Did consuming a large daily amount of cocoa flavanols help women with insulin resistance in a recent study? Find out in the What It Does section of our Dark Chocolate & Cocoa Review. Also see our Top Picks among dark chocolate bars and cocoa products.
Also see: Which supplements and foods can help lower or control blood sugar?
Clinical Update
3/24/2023
Glyphosate in Chocolate?
The herbicide glyphosate was reported in chocolates. Should you be concerned? See details in our article: How concerned should I be about glyphosate in foods and supplements?
Clinical Update
6/16/2023
Fish Oil & Chocolate for Memory?
Did consuming fish oil and chocolate improve cognition in people with cognitive decline? See what a new study found in the Cognitive Impairment section of our Fish Oil Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks among fish oil supplements.
Also see: Do any supplements, foods or lifestyle modifications help with brain function, like memory and cognition?
Clinical Update
8/15/2023
Cocoa & Exercise?
Did consuming a high-flavanol cocoa extract improve exercise capacity among older people in a recent study? Find out in the Exercise and physical performance section of our Dark Chocolates and Cocoa Supplements Review.
Also see our Top Picks among cocoa supplements and dark chocolate bars.
Clinical Update
9/22/2023
Cacao Flavanols for Mood?
Did drinking a beverage containing cacao flavanols improve mood in a recent study? Find out in the Mood and Stress section of our Dark Chocolates and Cocoa Powder Review, which includes our Top Picks for dark chocolate and cocoas.
Clinical Update
10/24/2023
Does Cocoa Lower Diabetes Risk?
Did supplementing with cocoa flavanols reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes? Find out what a large study found in the Blood Sugar, Insulin Resistance and Diabetes section of our Dark Chocolate and Cocoa Supplements Review, which includes our Top Picks for cocoa and dark chocolate.
Also see our article about supplements and food for blood sugar control.
Clinical Update
7/15/2024
Cocoa & Afib
Did high-flavanol cocoa supplementation impact the risk of developing atrial fibrillation, a heart rhythm disorder, in a major study? Find out in the Cardiovascular effects section of our Dark Chocolate and Cocoa Review, which includes our Top Picks among dark chocolates and cocoa powders, supplements and nibs.
Clinical Update
12/23/2024
Cocoa Flavanols for Wrinkles?
Does taking a cocoa supplement reduce wrinkles or increase skin moisture in middle-aged men and women? See what a recent study found in our Cocoa & Dark Chocolate Review, which includes our Top Picks among cocoa powders, supplements, and dark chocolate bars.
Clinical Update
6/20/2018
Intestinal Benefit of Cocoa?
Cocoa flavanols may support intestinal health, according to an animal study with a cocoa powder that acted like a prebiotic. Get the details in the What It Does section of the Cocoa and Dark Chocolate Review. (Also see our Top Picks among cocoa and dark chocolate products.)
Clinical Update
12/02/2020
Cocoa for Cognition
A new study suggests that cocoa may improve some aspects of cognitive function in healthy people and sheds some light on how this may work. See the details in the Memory and Cognition section of the Dark Chocolate and Cocoa Review. Also see our Top Picks among dark chocolates, cocoa powders and supplements.
Clinical Update
12/14/2021
Tip for Nickel Sensitive Folks
Nickel can trigger an allergic dermatitis in some people, such as from consuming chocolate that is high in nickel. A CL member asked us if supplements can reduce nickel absorption. The answer is yes. Find out how in the Nickel section of our Cocoa/Chocolate Review.
Clinical Update
1/17/2018
FDA Finds High Cadmium in Cocoa Products
Researchers from the U.S. FDA recently reported finding high levels of cadmium in cocoas as well as cocoa nibs and dark chocolates — particularly in cocoas from certain parts of the world. The results are similar to what ConsumerLab has reported. For details, see the Dark Chocolate, Cocoa Powder, Nibs, Extracts & Supplements Review >>
Clinical Update
11/24/2015
Cocoa for Wrinkles?
A study in older women found that drinking a high-flavanol cocoa drink each day increased skin elasticity. And while wrinkles deepened among those drinking a placebo, they stayed stable in the cocoa-drinking group. For details about the amount of cocoa consumed (and its flavanol content), as well as our tests of flavanols (and contaminants) in popular cocoa powders and chocolates, see the Cocoa Powders, Dark Chocolate, Extracts, Nibs, & Supplements Review >>
Clinical Update
6/15/2019
Cocoa & Physical Performance
Can a cup of cocoa a day improve physical performance? See what a recent study found in the What It Does section of the Dark Chocolate and Cocoa Review. Also see our Top Picks for cocoa powders and dark chocolates.
Clinical Update
2/15/2020
Cocoa for Artery Disease?
People with peripheral artery disease often have trouble walking. Can flavanol-rich cocoa help? Find out what a recent study showed in the What It Does section of the Cocoa and Dark Chocolates Review. Also see our Top Picks for cocoas, chocolates, chips, nibs, and cocoa supplements.
Clinical Update
9/12/2018
Cocoa and Cholesterol
Can cocoa flavanols improve cholesterol levels? See what a recent study found in the Cardiovascular section of the Cocoa and Dark Chocolate Review. (Also see our Top Picks among cocoa and dark chocolate products.)
Clinical Update
6/11/2014
Cocoa May Worsen Acne
Unlike the study we reported last week showing potential help for acne from omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid supplements, a new study found that giving pure cocoa to men ages 18 to 35 had the opposite effect -- overall, more pimples. Get the details, along with our tests and comparisons of cocoa and chocolate products, in the update to the Cocoa Powders, Extracts and Chocolate Review >>
News Release
March 28, 2023
Expanded Flaxseed Testing by ConsumerLab Reveals More Cadmium Contamination – Several Quality Products Also Identified
White Plains, New York, March 28, 2023 — Due to concerning levels of cadmium ConsumerLab discovered in its tests of flaxseed products in January 2023, ConsumerLab recently purchased and tested seven additional whole and ground flaxseed products.
Recalls & Warnings
April 03, 2023
SimplyProtein Bars Recalled Due to Undeclared Cashews
On March 31, 2023, Wellness Natural USA Inc. issued a voluntary recall of a single lot of SimplyProtein Peanut Butter Chocolate Crispy Bars because they contain undeclared trace of tree nuts (cashews).
CL Answer
How concerned should I be about glyphosate in foods and supplements?
Find out if you should be concerned about glyphosate in foods and supplements. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.
CL Answer
Which supplements and foods reduce or increase the risk of kidney stones?
Find out which supplements, foods and beverages may increase or decrease the risk of kidney stones, including information about potassium, calcium, choline, turmeric and curcumin, vitamin C, as well as foods and beverages such as green tea, lemon juice, orange juice, cranberry juice, chocolate and almonds.
News Release
January 12, 2023
High Levels of Cadmium Found In Whole and Ground Flaxseed In ConsumerLab Tests
White Plains, New York, January 12, 2023 — Recent ConsumerLab tests revealed concerning levels of cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, in several popular flaxseed products which, otherwise, provided the listed amounts of healthy fats, fiber, and protein without microbial contamination.
Clinical Update
2/11/2022
Reducing Acrylamide in Cookies
Acrylamide is a neurotoxin and probable cancer-causing agent that can form when cooking or baking certain foods at high temperatures. Find out how to reduce acrylamide formation when baking cookies in our updated article about Acrylamide in Foods, which also includes information about acrylamide in coffee, chocolate, potatoes and other foods.
Clinical Update
5/06/2022
Toxin In Coffee?
Is roasted coffee likely to be contaminated with ochratoxin A? Find out what a recent study found in our updated article about contaminants in coffee.
Also see our articles about ochratoxin A in cocoa and chocolate and oat cereals.
Clinical Update
7/29/2022
Cocoa Flavanols & Blood Pressure
Do the flavanols in cocoa and dark chocolate lower blood pressure? See what a recent study found in people with normal blood pressure, as well as results for people with hypertension.
Clinical Update
1/11/2015
More Cocoa Benefits
A recently published study showed that hot cocoa made with a flavanol-enriched powder resulted in improvements in cognitive performance as well as reductions in blood pressure and cholesterol, and improved glucose metabolism. The study was conducted in people ages 65 to 80 who drank the cocoa each morning. More details, as well as our tests of cocoa powders, are found in the Cocoa and Dark Chocolate Review >>
Clinical Update
6/10/2015
Cocoa for Memory
Cocoa flavanols have been shown in some studies to provide a cardiovascular benefit and, in older individuals, memory improvement. A recent study in younger men and women showed that daily use of a cocoa extract had little effect on memory and no cardiovascular benefit, although it did improve mental fatigue shortly after taking the extract. Learn more about the effects of cocoa, dosage, and see our tests and reviews of cocoa products in the Cocoa Powders, Dark Chocolate, Extracts, Nibs, & Supplements Review >>
Clinical Update
7/26/2015
Does Cocoa Benefit Some More Than Others?
A recent study of natural cocoa taken daily showed potential cardiovascular benefits -- but they seemed greater for some people than others. See the details in the Cocoa and Dark Chocolate Review >>
Clinical Update
8/19/2015
Cocoa Increases Blood Flow to Brain
A small study found that drinking a cocoa drink high in flavanols significantly increased blood flow to the brain, which, the researchers propose, might have potential cognitive benefits. Get the details, including dosage, plus more about cocoa and memory, and our tests of popular products, in the Cocoa Supplements and Dark Chocolate Review >>
Clinical Update
9/12/2015
Cardiovascular Benefits of Cocoa Flavanols
A drink rich in cocoa flavanols modestly improved certain measures of cardiovascular health in healthy, middle-aged men and women, according to a recent study. Get the details, including dosage, plus our tests of popular products, in the Review of Cocoa Powders, Dark Chocolate, Extracts, Nibs, & Supplements >>
Clinical Update
11/11/2015
Cocoa Flavanol Safety
A new study found that, even at high doses, cocoa flavanols did not cause adverse cardiovascular effects in healthy men and women. However, be aware that drug interactions and certain side effects can occur. Details are provided in the "Concerns and Cautions" section of the Cocoa Powders, Dark Chocolate, Extracts, Nibs & Supplements Review >>
Clinical Update
10/22/2016
Cocoa Lowers Blood Sugar
In addition to potential cardiovascular, memory, and other benefits, a new analysis shows that cocoa flavanols may reduce fasting glucose and improve insulin resistance. Get the details in the "What It Does" section of the Cocoa and Dark Chocolate Review >>
Clinical Update
11/10/2017
Curcumin for Memory
There is mixed evidence on whether or not curcumin helps improve memory. A recently published study found that a proprietary formula helped, although, last year, a study using a different formula failed to help. In both cases, certain side effects were more common among those taking curcumin than placebo. Get the details in the "What It Does" section of the Turmeric & Curcumin Supplements Review >> [Also see our Top Picks for dark chocolate bars in the Review.]
Clinical Update
10/09/2018
Cocoa for Diabetes?
Cocoa flavanols may help control blood sugar, but do they offer benefits to people with diabetes? See what recent studies are finding in the What It Does section of the Cocoa and Dark Chocolate Review. (Also see our Top Picks among products).
CL Answer
Do any supplements or foods help with migraine? Do any trigger migraine?
Find out if supplements such as magnesium, CoQ10, riboflavin, butterbur, feverfew and others help with migraine. Also learn about foods that may trigger migraine, including chocolate and watermelon.
Recalls & Warnings
May 22, 2023
Hu Vanilla Crunch Dark Chocolate Bars Recalled Due to Allergen Risk
On May 18, 2023, Hu Products issued a voluntary recall of one lot of its Vanilla Crunch Dark Chocolate Bar because they may contain undeclared tree nuts (hazelnut, cashew, and/or almond).
News Release
December 16, 2022
Is Your Chocolate or Cocoa Healthful or Toxic? ConsumerLab Finds Major Differences Among Products.
White Plains, New York, December 16, 2022 — Although dark chocolate and cocoa can be good sources of potentially heart-healthy, antioxidant flavanols, they can also be contaminated with toxic heavy metals such as cadmium and lead – and consumers can’t judge products from their labels.
CL Answer
I recently bought a CoQ10 supplement on Amazon. The manufacture date was hidden under a sticker, but was 13 months ago. No "Best By" date is listed. Is this product still good to use?
Find out how long your CoQ10 supplement should last, if your CoQ10 is expired, and how long it is good to use. ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.
Recalls & Warnings
December 08, 2020
Dark Chocolate Recalled Due to Allergen Risk
On December 1, 2020, Maribel's Sweets issued a recall of Cacao Market Cylinder Dark Chocolate Pearls because they contain undeclared milk.
CL Answer
What are trace minerals and do I need them?
Trace minerals include boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, zinc, and others. Find out what they do, how much of each trace mineral you should be getting, and who's most likely to be deficient in these minerals.
Recalls & Warnings
January 20, 2019
RXBAR Protein Bars Recalled
On January 15, 2019, RXBAR issued a recall of certain varieties of protein bars because they may contain undeclared peanuts.
CL Answer
Which foods are a good source of B vitamins?
Find out which foods are a good source of B vitamins (like folate and B-12) and when you should take Vitamin B supplements.
CL Answer
Does a USDA Organic seal guarantee that a supplement or natural product has been tested for toxic heavy metals such as lead, cadmium or arsenic?
Find out what the USDA Organic seal on dietary supplements means and whether certified organic supplements and natural products are tested for toxic heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and arsenic.
News Release
June 30, 2022
Best Protein Shakes & Drinks According to ConsumerLab Tests. Lead, Excess Sodium Found in Some
White Plains, New York, June 30, 2022 — Consumers may get more sodium, fat, calories, or even lead, than they bargained for from some protein supplements, according to recent ConsumerLab tests of over 20 popular protein powders and shakes.
CL Answer
Is it best to take probiotic supplements with or without food? It seems like everyone has a different recommendation.
When is the best time to take probiotic supplements? Learn if you should take your probiotic with or without food.
CL Answer
I've heard that rice has high levels of arsenic. Does that mean rice bran oil does too?
Find out if rice bran oil can contain high levels of arsenic like whole rice and other rice products do.
News Release
February 24, 2022
Consumers Returned to Pre-Pandemic Supplement Usage in 2021, ConsumerLab Survey Reveals
White Plains, New York, February 24, 2022 —A survey of 8,049 people who use dietary supplements shows many supplements that declined in use in 2020 began bouncing back in 2021, such as magnesium (+2.4 percentage points), and CoQ10 (+2.7 pts).
News Release
February 26, 2021
COVID Changed Supplement Popularity in 2020, ConsumerLab Survey Reveals
White Plains, New York, February 26, 2021 — A survey of 9,647 people who use dietary supplements shows that the supplements which experienced the greatest growth in popularity in 2020 were those being promoted to prevent or treat infection with SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19.
Recalls & Warnings
August 01, 2022
53 Protein, Meal Replacement and Nutritional Beverages Recalled Due to Bacterial Contamination
On July 29, 2022, Lyons Magnus LLC issued a recall of 53 protein, meal replacement, and nutritional beverages, including those sold under the brand names of Glucerna, Premier Protein, Oatly, and others, due to the potential for microbial contamination, including from Cronobacter sakazakii.
Recalls & Warnings
February 14, 2020
Dark Chocolate Bar Recalled Due to Allergen Risk
On February 13, 2020, Gourmet International and Butlers Chocolates UC issued a recall of IRISH WHISKEY DARK CHOCOLATE 3.5OZ TABLET BAR chocolate bars because they may contain undeclared milk.
News Release
January 23, 2020
We Found the Best Dark Chocolates and Cocoas With the Least Contamination
White Plains, New York, January 23, 2020 — Dark chocolate and cocoa contain antioxidant flavanols that may be good for the heart and mind, but they can also contain high levels of the heavy metal cadmium, which is toxic to kidneys and can soften bones.
Recalls & Warnings
December 23, 2024
Orgain Protein Powder Recalled Due to Peanut Allergen Risk
On December 19, 2024, Orgain recalled a single batch of its 30g Protein Organic Plant Based Powder - Chocolate 2.01lb because it may contain undeclared peanut residue. The recall was initiated following a report of an allergic reaction from one consumer.
Recalls & Warnings
June 17, 2024
Do Not Consume Diamond Shruumz Products, Warns CDC and FDA
On June 12, 2024, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and America’s Poison Centers warned consumers not to buy or consume Diamond Shruumz chocolate bars, cones, and gummies.
CL Answer
What is magnesium stearate, what is it made from, and is it dangerous?
Learn more about magnesium stearate and its safety, based on evidence from clinical studies.
Recalls & Warnings
October 09, 2023
Orgain Protein Powder Recalled Due to Allergen Risk
On October 4, 2023, Orgain LLC issued a recall of four lots of the company’s Organic Protein Powder + Superfoods, Creamy Chocolate Fudge flavor protein powder after a co-manufacturer informed the company that the product contained undeclared sesame, which is now one of nine food ...
Recalls & Warnings
July 16, 2016
Ikea Expands Recall of Chocolate Bars
On July 6, 2016, IKEA expanded its recall of certain CHOKLAND chocolate bars to include additional chocolate bars, including certain GODIS chocolate bars, because they contain undeclared milk, hazelnuts and/or almonds.
News Release
October 04, 2019
ConsumerLab Tests Reveal Best Collagen Supplements for Wrinkles and Joints
White Plains, New York, October 4, 2019 — Collagen supplements are promoted to reduce wrinkles and decrease joint pain and stiffness, but do they really work, and if so, which products on the market provide the best quality collagen and the best value? To find out, ConsumerLab carefully ...
Recalls & Warnings
March 30, 2019
Sea Salt 70% Dark Chocolate Bar Recalled Due to Allergen Risk
On March 28, 2019, Theo Chocolate issued a recall of 3oz Sea Salt 70% Dark Chocolate bars because they may contain undeclared milk.
News Release
September 11, 2019
Some Nutrition Bars Contain More Carbs and Less Fiber Than Listed, ConsumerLab Tests Reveal
White Plains, New York, September 11, 2019 — Nutrition bars and cookies are promoted as a convenient way to get protein, fiber and other nutrients on-the-go, but recent ConsumerLab tests of popular nutrition bars and cookies reveal that some contain more carbohydrates (as well as fat and ...
Recalls & Warnings
May 09, 2024
Walnuts, Other Nuts, Pumpkin and Sunflower Seeds Recalled Due to Undeclared Allergens
On May 8, 2024, Texas Pecan recalled various lots of the company’s 1 lb. and 8 oz.
Recalls & Warnings
March 24, 2020
Mislabeled Lindt Chocolate Bar Recalled
On March 19, 2020, Lindt & Sprüngli (USA) Inc. issued a recall of one lot of Lindt Excellence 85% Cocoa chocolate bars because they are wrapped in the wrong packaging.
CL Answer
Is it true that oat cereals, like Cheerios, oatmeal, oatflakes and steel-cut oats can be contaminated with a toxin?
Find out if oat cereals, like Cheerios and oatmeal, can be contaminated with the fungal toxin ochratoxin A (OTA). ConsumerLab.com's answer explains.
Recalls & Warnings
July 25, 2022
Nature’s Sunshine Protein Powder Recalled
On July 22, 2022, Nature’s Sunshine Products Inc. issued a recall of two AIVIA Whey Protein Powder Herbs meal replacement products due to undeclared milk.
Recalls & Warnings
July 18, 2024
Great Value & Silk Plant-Based Milks Recalled in Canada, Linked With Deadly Listeria Outbreak
On July 8, 2024, Health Canada (the Canadian equivalent of the FDA) announced the recall of 18 varieties of Great Value and Silk brand oat, almond, coconut, and nut milks sold and distributed in Canada due to potential contamination with Listeria monocytogenes.
CL Answer
I'm interested in using Himalayan salt. What are the health benefits with it and other specialty salts? Are there contaminants in these salts?
Himalayan salt health benefits, along with other gourmet salts like Hawaiian and Mediterranean. Info including what's in them and their safety.
CL Answer
Is it possible to take too much vitamin C?
Find out the daily value of vitamin C, along with possible side effects of excessive vitamin C intake. ConsumerLab explores the topic of proper vitamin C supplement usage, and why taking too much can be harmful.
Recalls & Warnings
March 14, 2011
22 Brands of Whey Protein Recalled Due to Salmonella Concern
The FDA posted a recall notice involving 22 brands of whey protein powder due to potential contamination with salmonella. The recall was voluntarily initiated on March 10, 2011 by the manufacturer of the products, Vitalabs, Inc.
Recalls & Warnings
May 22, 2023
Nature’s Energy Children’s Colostrum Recalled Due to Undeclared Milk
On May 18, 2023, Nature’s Energy issued a recall of six lots of Children’s Chewable Colostrum products due to undeclared milk.
Recalls & Warnings
July 13, 2023
1st phorm Level-1 Protein Supplements Recalled Due to Staph Risk
On June 21, 2023, International Food Companies DBA International Food Products recalled two protein supplements due to potential contamination with Staphylococcus aureus.
CL Answer
Does coffee have brain benefits?
People commonly drink coffee to increase alertness, counteract fatigue, and boost cognition, but does it really improve memory and cognitive function? Find out, and learn about risks linked with drinking too much coffee.
CL Answer
Do reishi mushroom supplements boost the immune system, or have other health benefits?
Learn more about the health benefits of reishi mushroom extract supplements, including evidence from clinical studies on cancer and diabetes, plus information about safety and price.
CL Answer
What is Prelief? Does it really help for heartburn and/or bladder pain from acidic foods?
Prelief information, including what it has been claimed to do (such as helping with painful bladder, frequent urination, heartburn or indigestion from acidic foods), clinical evidence, and safety.
CL Answer
Is it true that low-carb or Mediterranean diets help for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Find out if a low-carb diet, such as the Mediterranean diet, or lifestyle changes help with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
CL Answer
I've tried a number of fish oil supplements, all of which make me nauseous. What is the best non-fish alternative? I am primarily interested in getting EPA.
Learn how to reduce fish oil side effects such as nausea and upset stomach.
Recalls & Warnings
March 31, 2018
Nutrition Bars Sold at Whole Foods and Online Recalled
On March 26, 2018, eBars LLC, issued a recall of their Protein Bars, Snack Bars, and Kids Bars because they may contain undeclared peanuts and/or almonds.
Recalls & Warnings
May 04, 2021
CytoSport's Evolve Protein Shakes Recalled
On May 1, 2021, CytoSport, Inc., recalled certain lots of Evolve Protein Shakes because they have the potential to be contaminated with soy protein.
Recalls & Warnings
April 17, 2024
FDA Warns Lipari Foods for Mislabeled Walnuts, Other Violations
On April 9, 2024, the FDA issued a Warning Letter to Lipari Foods Operating Company, LLC following multiple complaints and subsequent product recalls in August and September of 2023, which found the company did not follow the requirements of Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMP), Hazard ...
Recalls & Warnings
April 29, 2024
Longreen Reishi and Xlim Express Coffee Recalled Due to Undeclared Allergens
On April 18, 2024, BF Suma Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Recalls & Warnings
September 23, 2024
Lactaid Milk Recalled Due to Allergen
On September 20, 2024, HP Hood LLC voluntarily recalled five SKUs of refrigerated Lactaid Milk due to the product potentially containing trace amounts of almond, which is not declared on the label. No illness has been reported to date.
Recalls & Warnings
October 10, 2024
Seaweed Recalled Due to Allergen Risk
On October 10, 2024, Wismettac Asian Foods, Inc. recalled its 3.52 oz packages of Shirakiku Korean Seasoned Seaweed.
Recalls & Warnings
June 24, 2024
Canned Coffee Recalled Due to Botulism Risk
On June 17, 2024, Snapchill LLC recalled its canned coffee products because they have the potential to grow the toxic bacterium Clostridium botulinum.
Recalls & Warnings
December 10, 2024
Aroma Vita Hot Cocoa Mix Recalled Due to Metal Fragments
On October 2, 2024, Dyma Brands Inc. issued a recall of two lots of Aroma Vita Hot Cocoa Mix, because they may contain metal fragments which, in severe cases, could lead to damage of the digestive tract if ingested.
Recalls & Warnings
April 10, 2021
HI-TECH Workout Supplements Recalled Due to Undeclared Allergens
On April 3, 2021, HI-TECH Pharmaceuticals issued a recall of all lots of APS Nutrition Isomorph 28 in a 2lb jug because they contain undeclared milk, wheat, and soy.
CL Answer
Which supplements, foods or diet and lifestyle changes help relieve acid reflux (heartburn), and which worsen it?
Find out which supplements and foods can help relieve acid reflux, and which can make it worse.
Recalls & Warnings
January 14, 2017
Dark Chocolate Bar Recalled Due to Allergen Risk
People with an allergy to milk these bars as they could cause an allergic reaction, which can be life-threatening. Recalled Chip'n Dipped Dark Chocolate Crunch chocolate bars were distributed nationwide in retail stores and can be identified by the following:
Recalls & Warnings
January 31, 2021
Protein and Fiber Bars Recalled Due to Allergen Risk
On January 28, 2021, think! and Interpac Technologies, Inc. issued a voluntary recall of think! Protein + Fiber Oatmeal: Farmer's Market Berry Crumble due to the potential presence of tree nuts, including almonds and pecans.
CL Answer
I take omeprazole (Prilosec), a proton pump inhibitor, to reduce stomach acid. Are there supplements I should avoid, or be taking, due to this drug?
Supplement interactions with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs like omeprazole (Prilosec) and Nexium.
Recalls & Warnings
July 24, 2023
ONO Overnight Oats Recalled Due to Allergen Risk
On July 18, 2023, ONO LLC issued a voluntary recall of the company’s ONO Vegan Blueberry Muffin Protein Overnight Oats due to undeclared milk.
Recalls & Warnings
December 13, 2023
Bobo’s Peach Oat Bars Recalled Due to Undeclared Coconut
On December 9, 2023, Bobo’s issued a nationwide recall of multiple lots of Bobo’s Peach Oat Bars because they may contain undeclared coconut.
Recalls & Warnings
June 12, 2023
Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides 24 oz Recalled
On April 28, 2023, Vital Proteins issued a recall of a single batch of Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides -- Unflavored (24 oz) that were distributed to and sold by Costco. Canisters may contain broken blue pieces of plastic from a broken lid.
Recalls & Warnings
June 14, 2023
Havasu Beet Root Powder Recalled Due to Allergen Risk
On June 12, 2023, Supplement Manufacturing Partner Inc. issued a recall of one lot of Havasu Nutrition’s Beet Root Powder + due to undeclared milk. The recall was initiated following a report of an allergic reaction from a consumer with a milk allergy.
Recalls & Warnings
March 09, 2023
"Dr. Rima Recommends" Nano Silver Recalled
On March 7, 2023, Natural Solutions Foundation issued a recall of Dr. Rima Recommends Nano Silver 10ppm Dietary Supplement, which was promoted to prevent and/or treat COVID-19.
News Release
January 03, 2019
ConsumerLab Tests Reveal the Best Protein Powders, Shakes and Drinks -- 20% of Protein Powders and Drinks Fail CL's Tests of Quality
White Plains, New York, January 3, 2019 — Combined with resistance exercise, protein supplements can help athletes build muscle and older people prevent muscle loss. They can also help people with diabetes maintain blood sugar levels when consumed as part of a low-calorie diet.
CL Answer
I have type 2 diabetes. Should I be concerned about ingredients like maltodextrin and maltitol that are found in some protein bars and drinks?
Learn more about maltitol and maltodextrin and their effects on blood glucose levels for people with type 2 diabetes.
CL Answer
Is it better to eat farmed salmon or wild salmon? Which one has more omega-3s and less contamination with PCBs, mercury, etc.?
Learn more about wild caught vs. farm raised salmon, including omega-3 content and contamination with PCBs, mercury, and other toxins.
Recalls & Warnings
April 27, 2018
Labrada LeanPro8 Protein Powders Recalled Due to Allergen Risk
On April 24, 2018, Labrada Nutrition issued a recall of certain lots of LeanPro8 protein powders because they may contain undeclared egg protein.
Recalls & Warnings
March 30, 2016
Toxins in Chocolate
On March 23, 2016, As You Sow, a consumer health watchdog group based in California, released results showing that 35 of 50 chocolate products it tested, including chocolate bunnies and eggs, expose consumers to lead and cadmium above levels set by California's Safe Drinking Water and Toxic ...
Recalls & Warnings
July 05, 2017
CLIF Bars Recalled Due to Allergen Risk
On July 5, 2017, CLIF Bar & Company issued a voluntary recall of CLIF BUILDER'S Bar Chocolate Mint, CLIF Kid Zbar Protein Chocolate Mint, and CLIF Kid Zbar Protein Chocolate Chip flavors due to the potential presence of peanuts and tree nuts, including almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, ...
Recalls & Warnings
July 12, 2019
PROBAR Meal Bars Recalled
On July 11, 2019, PROBAR LLC issued a recall of certain flavors and lots of its Meal® bars because they may contain undeclared milk and soy allergens. There has been one report of an allergic reaction to-date.
Recalls & Warnings
May 09, 2022
Natural Organics Keto Capsules Recalled Due to Gluten
On March 6, 2022, Natural Organics, Inc. issued a recall of four lots of NaturePlus Keto Living Sugar Control Capsules that were found to contain gluten.
Recalls & Warnings
June 17, 2022
Built Brand Protein Bar Recalled Due to E. Coli Concern
On June 10, 2022, Built Brands, LLC. Issued a recall of 4,146 Banana Cream Pie Puffs protein bars after routine testing discovered potential contamination with E. coli (Escherichia coli).
Recalls & Warnings
March 31, 2020
Bulletproof Warned for Manufacturing Violations
On March 20, 2020, the FDA issued a warning letter to Bulletproof 360, Inc.
News Release
March 27, 2018
You Can't Always Rely on Bone Broth Labels -- ConsumerLab Tests Reveal How Much Protein, Collagen and Sodium Is Really In Bone Broths
White Plains, New York, March 27, 2018 — Bone broth is promoted as a natural source of collagen, an immune-booster, and a remedy for everything from joint pain to wrinkles.
News Release
February 15, 2018
Tests Reveal How Much CBD is Really in CBD and Hemp Oils -- Some Don't Provide Amounts of CBD Listed on Labels
White Plains, New York, February 15, 2018 (UPDATED 2/11/19) — CBD (cannabidiol) has become popular for treating pain, helping with anxiety and insomnia, and a variety of other conditions, despite the fact that the FDA has stated it cannot legally be sold as a ...
Recalls & Warnings
February 01, 2016
Garden of Life Shakes and Meals Recalled Due to Salmonella Risk
On January 29, 2016, Garden of Life LLC issued a recall of certain Raw Meal Organic Shake & Meal Chocolate, Original, Vanilla and Vanilla Chai products because they have the potential to be contaminated with Salmonella.
News Release
July 19, 2017
New Tests Reveal Whether Dark Chocolates and Cocoas Are Toxic or Healthful
White Plains, New York, July 19, 2017 — Dark chocolates and cocoa may contain dangerously high levels of the heavy metal cadmium, a kidney toxin, according to recent tests conducted by ConsumerLab.com, an independent evaluator of health and nutrition products.
News Release
June 01, 2017
Best Vitamin K Supplement? ConsumerLab.com Tests Popular Products and Reveals Its Top Picks
White Plains, New York, June 1, 2017 — Vitamin K plays an important role in proper blood clotting as well as with calcium utilization in bones and the cardiovascular system, but do most people need a vitamin K supplement? And do products on the market contain what's claimed on their labels? ...
News Release
May 26, 2017
ConsumerLab.com Tests Reveal the Best Calcium Supplements
White Plains, New York, May 26, 2017 — Most people know that calcium is important for building and maintaining strong bones, but with so many different forms, dosages and ingredient combinations available on the market, choosing a calcium supplement can be difficult. To help, ConsumerLab.
News Release
May 17, 2017
Best Vitamin D? ConsumerLab.com Tests Popular Vitamin D Supplements and Reveals Its Top Picks
White Plains, New York, May 17, 2017 — Vitamin D is currently the most popular dietary supplement among people who regularly use supplements according to a recent survey by ConsumerLab.com.
News Release
July 26, 2016
36% of Meal Replacement Powders and Shakes Fail ConsumerLab.com's Tests of Quality
White Plains, New York, July 26, 2016 — [Note: This review has been archived and is no longer available online. For ConsumerLab's most recent tests of meal replacement shakes, drinks and mixes, please see our Protein Powders, Shakes, and Meal Replacements Review.
Recalls & Warnings
July 02, 2016
Ikea Recalls Dark Chocolate Bars Due to Allergen Risk
On June 24, 2016, IKEA issued a recall of certain CHOKLAD MÖRK and CHOKLAD MÖRK 70% dark chocolate bars because they contain undeclared milk, hazelnuts and almonds.
CL Answer
Which supplements or foods can help lower cholesterol and keep my heart healthy? Are there any to avoid?
Information about heart health supplements & vitamins that help with cholesterol, including sterol esters, CoQ10, and vitamin D, and which may be bad for the heart, like calcium.
Recalls & Warnings
February 22, 2021
Canadian Creatine Recalled for Dangerous Levels of Vitamin D
On February 21, 2021, the Canadian company Genex Nutraceuticals recalled one lot of Perfect Sports Core Series Pure Creatine (also known as Creatine Powder) because it "contains vitamin D that is not listed on the label, at dangerous levels.
Recalls & Warnings
November 09, 2021
Five Brands of Protein Supplements Recalled Due to Allergen Risk
On November 9, 2021, Nutracap Holdings, LLC issued a recall of certain Boba Origin, Etedream, RAW, Steel, and Vital Force protein supplements because they contain potential allergens, including soy, milk, wheat, and/or coconut, that are not declared on the label.
CL Answer
Which supplements can help with indigestion and/or heartburn?
Information on supplements for heartburn that can help relieve gastrointestinal symptoms - heartburn, indigestion and acid reflux.
CL Answer
Which supplements can help me sleep and which cause insomnia?
Find out which supplements may improve sleep, including melatonin, L-tryptophan, and magnesium, and which may make sleeping more difficult.
CL Answer
Which vitamins and supplements should be stopped before getting blood work, laboratory tests, or medical imaging?
Find out which vitamins and supplements can interfere with blood, urine or stool tests, and imaginging tests, like bone scans and MRIs. Learn how B vitamins such as biotin, niacin and riboflavin, as well as calcium supplements, St. John’s wort, vitamin C, and others supplements can affect test results, as well as common foods that may interfere with tests.
CL Answer
Do vitamins, minerals or other supplements lose effectiveness with exposure to high temperatures?
Are vitamins and supplements susceptible to heat? Find out if mail ordering during the summer is safe.
CL Answer
Do any supplements or foods help prevent sunburn or skin damage from sun exposure? Can any increase your risk of sun-related skin damage?
Find out which supplements may help protect from sunburn and sun-related skin damage, including beta-carotene, vitamins A and C, and cocoa.
CL Answer
Best Supplements to Prevent Age-Related Muscle Loss
Discover the top supplements to prevent age-related muscle loss after 60. Learn how protein, fish oil, vitamin D, and more can help maintain muscle strength and combat sarcopenia.
CL Answer
Is it safe to drink coffee regularly? Does drinking coffee increase or decrease the risk of cancer?
Learn more about coffee, its safety, if it's good for you, and if it impacts your risk of cancer.
Recalls & Warnings
December 13, 2017
Dark Chocolate Bar Recalled
On December 8, 2017, ALDI, in cooperation with Hofer KG ZNL Schokoladefab, recalled Choceur Dark Chocolate Bars due to the potential presence of almond pieces not listed on packaging. These bars can cause an allergic reaction in people who have a nut allergy.
Recalls & Warnings
April 16, 2012
Protein Supplement Maker Fails FDA Audit -- Many Products Affected
The FDA sent a Warning Letter (dated April 2, 2012) to Theta Brothers Sports Nutrition, Inc. regarding numerous violations of good manufacturing practices at its Lakewood, New Jersey facility.
Recalls & Warnings
June 14, 2013
Protein And Nutrition Bars Recalled Due To Undeclared Milk Allergen
On June 13, 2013, the U.S. FDA alerted consumers that Sequel Naturals Ltd., dba Vega, issued a voluntary recall of a variety of Vega One and Vega Sport protein bars because the bars contain undeclared milk.
Recalls & Warnings
June 07, 2013
Nutrition Bars Recalled Due To Undeclared Milk Allergen
On June 6, 2013, Sequel Naturals Ltd. issued a recall of Vega sports, nutrition and energy bars because they contain undeclared milk. Consumption of these bars can cause serious or life-threatening reactions in people with an allergy to milk.
Recalls & Warnings
September 04, 2020
Beware of Hand Sanitizers Packaged in Food and Drink Containers
On August 27, 2020, the FDA warned consumers about alcohol-based hand sanitizers that are packaged in containers that look like food and drink packages.
Recalls & Warnings
July 28, 2020
Iron Supplements Recalled Due to Undeclared Allergen
Between July 23 and 24, 2020, two companies issued recalls of iron supplements because they may contain undeclared milk.
Recalls & Warnings
July 11, 2017
Gluten Free Chocolate Chip Bars Recalled Due to Allergen Risk
On July 10, 2017, Coborn's, Inc. recalled packages of Gluten Free Chocolate Chip Bars because some were incorrectly labeled as Gluten Free Fudge Brownies.
Recalls & Warnings
March 06, 2018
Protein Bars Recalled Due to Undeclared Allergens
On March 5, 2018, IDLife, LLC, issued a recall of their Protein Bars, Snack Bars, and Kids Bars because they may contain undeclared almonds, peanuts, and/or coconut oil.
Recalls & Warnings
June 15, 2016
More Nutrition Bars Recalled Due to Listeria Risk
The following nutrition bars are being recalled because they contain sunflower kernels or may have come in contact with equipment processing sunflower kernels which have the potential to be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes (use the links below for affected lot numbers, UPC, and/or ...
Recalls & Warnings
July 24, 2017
Protein Bars Recalled Due to Listeria Risk
On July 21, 2017, Bhu Foods recalled a number of their products after their organic sunflower seeds, distributed by Hudson Valley Foods, Inc., were potentially contaminated with Listeria monoocytogenes.
Recalls & Warnings
December 07, 2016
Chocolate Hazelnut Butter CLIF Nut Butter Filled Energy Bars Recalled
On November 18, 2016, Clif Bar & Company issued a recall of one production run of Chocolate Hazelnut Butter CLIF Nut Butter Filled energy bars due to the presence of small plastic pieces found in a limited number of bars.
Recalls & Warnings
February 12, 2015
Many Dark Chocolate Bars Found to Contain Undeclared Milk
On February 11, 2015, the FDA announced its study of dark chocolate bars found many - including some which did not list milk as an ingredient or were labeled as "dairy-free" or "allergen-free," to contain milk.
Recalls & Warnings
September 26, 2014
FDA Warns Seller of Supplements and Chocolate Promoted to Treat Ebola
On September 23, 2014, the FDA issued a warning letter to Natural Solutions Foundation, following a review of the company's websites which found statements made about Silver Sol Nano Silver (also called The Silver Solution) and CBD Organic Dark Chocolate Bars (also called High Potency CBD Hemp Oil) ...
CL Answer
Do any supplements, foods or lifestyle modifications help with brain function, like memory and cognition?
Find out which supplements help improve memory, brain function and cognition, including fish oil, some B vitamins, cocoa, and curcumin. ConsumerLab's answer explains the evidence for supplements promoted to help with brain function and cognition.
Recalls & Warnings
September 22, 2018
MyoWhey Protein Powder Recalled
On September 20, 2018, Purus Labs, Inc. issued a recall of one lot of MyoWhey Chocolate Cookie Crunch protein powder because it may contain undeclared milk and soy.
Recalls & Warnings
November 26, 2019
FDA Warns Companies Selling CBD Products as Dietary Supplements
On November 25, 2019, the FDA issued warning letters to 15 companies for selling products containing CBD (cannabidiol) labeled and marketed as dietary supplements, and/or for making drug claims about these products.
Recalls & Warnings
March 28, 2014
Nutrition Bars Recalled Due to Allergen Risk
On March 27, 2014, Clif Bar & Company issued a voluntary recall of a small number of 15-count boxes of Chocolate Chunk LUNA Bars because they contain undeclared macadamia nut butter.
Recalls & Warnings
November 01, 2013
Protein Shakes Containing Prescription Drug Pose Serious Health Risk
On November 1, 2013, Health Canada warned consumers that Vega One Vanilla Chai (sizes 437g and 874g) and Vega Sport Performance Chocolate nutritional shakes, by Sequel Naturals Ltd., have been found to contain the prescription antibiotic chloramphenicol.
Recalls & Warnings
October 15, 2012
Recall of Nutrition Bars Containing Peanut Butter Due To Salmonella Risk
On October 11 and 12, 2012, four brands of nutrition bars were voluntarily recalled due to possible salmonella contamination of the peanut butter used in each of these bars. The peanut butter was produced by Sunland Inc., and is part of a larger recall of Sunland's peanut butter and peanut products.
Recalls & Warnings
March 11, 2013
Nutrition Bar Recalled Due To Undeclared Allergen
On March 7, 2013, Lifestyle Evolution Inc. issued a recall of various NuGO nutrition bars because the bars may contain undeclared milk, a potential allergen.
Recalls & Warnings
July 30, 2014
Chocolate and Carob Drink Mix Recalled Due To Salmonella Risk
On July 25, 2014, CaCoCo, Inc. issued a recall of CaCoCo Original and Global Warrior chocolate drink mixes because they contain organic carob powder which has the potential to be contaminated with Salmonella.
Recalls & Warnings
June 18, 2016
Muscle Milk Protein Drinks Recalled
On June 17, 2016 HP Hood LLC issued a recall of the following Muscle Milk protein drinks because they have the potential for premature product spoilage:
Recalls & Warnings
March 30, 2011
More Protein Supplements Recalled for Salmonella Risk
On March 29, the U.S.
Recalls & Warnings
June 23, 2016
Protein Drinks Recalled Due to Possible Spoilage
On June 22, 2016 Bolthouse Farms issued a recall of the protein drinks listed below due to possible spoilage that may cause the beverages to appear lumpy, taste unpleasant and have an off odor.
Recalls & Warnings
October 13, 2016
Nutrisystem Bars Recalled Due to Listeria Risk
On October 11, 2016, Nutrisystem Everyday, LLC issued a recall of one lot of its Nutricrush Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough bar because it has the potential to be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes.
Recalls & Warnings
August 03, 2017
Protein Bars Recalled Due to Listeria Risk
On August 2, 2017, Amrita Health Foods recalled several varieties of protein bars due to potential contamination with Listeria monoocytogenes.
Recalls & Warnings
January 31, 2002
Recall Update for Certain Metabolife Bars - Excessive Vitamin A
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released the following Class I recall information in its January 30, 2002 Enforcement Report.
Recalls & Warnings
June 26, 2006
FDA Warns Candy Maker Making Heart Health Claims
On May 31, 2006, the U.S.
Recalls & Warnings
March 06, 2013
Protein Bar Recalled Due To Salmonella Risk
On March 4, 2013, Pro-Amino International Inc. issued a recall of Proti Diet High Protein Chocolate Dream Bar due potential Salmonella contamination.
Recalls & Warnings
January 31, 2015
Protein Powder Recalled Due to Food Poisoning Risk
On January 30, 2015, Aloha, Inc. issued a voluntary recall of all packages of Premium Protein powder blends in chocolate and vanilla because they have the potential to be contaminated with Staphylococcus enterotoxin .
Recalls & Warnings
December 29, 2015
Whey Protein Recalled
On December 23, 2015, American Pure Whey issued a recall of all lots of 100% Pure Whey Protein Matrix and 100% Pure Whey Protein Isolate because they contain undeclared milk and soy.
Recalls & Warnings
August 17, 2012
Voluntary Recall of Nutrition Bars
On August 13, 2012, Clif Bar & Company issued a voluntary recall of a limited amount of 12-pack Blueberry Crisp Clif Bars and individual Blueberry Crisp Clif Bars which were mislabeled in Chocolate Chip Clif Bar wrappers.
Recalls & Warnings
August 03, 2018
Vanilla Almond Breeze Almond Milk Recalled
On August 2, 2018, HP Hood LLC issued a recall of half-gallon (1.89 L) cartons of refridgerated Vanilla Almond Breeze almond milk because the product may contain milk, an allergen not listed on the label.
Recalls & Warnings
February 16, 2016
Garden Of Life Recall Expanded
On February 13, 2016, Garden of Life LLC expanded its January 2016 recall of certain Raw Meal Organic Shake & Meal Chocolate, Original, Vanilla and Vanilla Chai products to include additional lots of these products, because they have the potential to be contaminated with ...
Recalls & Warnings
July 30, 2014
Nutrition Bars Recalled Due to Salmonella Risk
On July 25, 2014, GoMacro issued a recall of two flavors of MACROBARS nutrition bars because they contain carob powder which has the potential to be contaminated with Salmonella.
Recalls & Warnings
March 06, 2015
Most Milk Free of Drug Residue, FDA Study Shows
On March 5, 2015, the FDA announced that more than 99% of milk samples tested in the U.S. were found to be free of drug residues of concern.
Recalls & Warnings
November 21, 2014
Seller of "Ebola" Supplement Warned for Drug Claims
On November 18, 2014, the FDA issued a warning letter to the seller of dietary supplement Ebola-C, following a review of the company's website, www.ebola-c.com, which found statements made about the product to be drug claims.
Recalls & Warnings
April 07, 2011
FDA Warns Manufacturer of Soy Products of Violations
The U.S. FDA published a Warning Letter on dated March 25, 2011 to Soluble Products Co., LP, regarding serious violations of Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMPs) in its production of Revival brand products.
Recalls & Warnings
August 24, 2012
Protein Shots, Drinks and Gelatin Recalled For Potential Botulism Contamination
On August 17, 2012, Protica Inc.
Recalls & Warnings
June 09, 2016
Nature Made Multis and B Complex Recalled Due to Salmonella, Staph Risk
On June 8, 2016 Pharmavite LLC issued a recall of the following Nature Made® multivitamin and B complex supplements because they have the potential to be contaminated with Salmonella or Staphylococcus aureus:
Recalls & Warnings
June 02, 2016
Clif Bars Recalled Due to Listeria Risk
On June 2, 2016, Clif Bar & Company issued a recall of certain energy and trail mix bars because they contain sunflower kernels which have the potential to be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes.
Recalls & Warnings
May 06, 2017
Herbalife Protein Bar Recalled
On May 1, 2017, Herbalife issued a recall of certain lots of its Protein Bar -- Peanut Butter nutrition bars because it may contain a trace amount of fish gelatin which contains a small amount of parvalbumin, a fish allergen.
Recalls & Warnings
April 01, 2017
Nutrition Bar Recalled Due to Allergen Risk
On March 30, 2017, Lifestyle Evolution issued a recall of one shift of NuGo Slim Crunchy Peanut Butter nutrition bars because a product with a milk allergen was incorrectly packaged into some NuGo Slim Crunchy Peanut Butter wrappers and cartons.
Recalls & Warnings
March 28, 2017
Yogurt Peanut Crunch Bars Recalled Due to E. Coli Risk
On March 23, 2017, Pro Sports Club of Bellevue, WA issued a recall of 36,957 20/20 Life Styles Yogurt Peanut Crunch bars because they have the potential to be contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7.
Recalls & Warnings
February 07, 2012
Drug-Laced Supplements and Drink Mixes Recalled
According to the U.S. FDA, on February 3, 2012 Healthy People Co. announced a voluntary nationwide recall of several dietary supplements sold as capusules, drinks, and shake mixes. The supplements were found to contain drug substances and pose risks.
Recalls & Warnings
March 06, 2015
Seller of Tea Drinks Warned for Drug Claims
On February 26, 2015, the FDA issued a warning letter to the seller of Anamu CancerHerb Tea Box, Anamu CancerHerb Tea Box with Honey and Organic Bottled Tea Drinks because statements made about these products on the websites, www.cancerherbtea.com and www.anamucancerherbtea.
Recalls & Warnings
February 17, 2015
Seller of Muscle Supplements Containing Synthetic Steroids Warned
On February 9, 2015, the FDA issued a warning letter to A2Z Industries, LLC, following a facility inspection which found the company's muscle enhancing supplements, including HaloV and EPI2A3A to be labeled as containing synthetic steroids.
Recalls & Warnings
February 06, 2015
Seller of Aloe Supplement Warned for Drug Claims
On January 21, 2015, the FDA issued a warning letter to Pristine Nutraceuticals, LLC, following a review of the company's website, http://www.digestaqure.com, which found statements made about DigestaCure to be drug claims.
Recalls & Warnings
May 23, 2015
Colostrum Supplement Recalled
On May 14, 2015, the Natural Creations issued a recall of a small quantity of Natural Creations New Zealand Colostrum because the label does not state that the product is milk-based.
Recalls & Warnings
March 17, 2015
Seller of Tea Warned for Drug Claims
On March 4, 2015, the FDA issued a warning letter to Four Elements Organic Herbals, LLC because statements made about HERBAL TEA Power, Energy & Stamina, ORGANIC HERBAL TEA Tulsi TelepaTea, ORGANIC HERBAL TEA To Your Health, Hawthorn Fresh Herb Extract, Elderberry Fresh Herb ...
Recalls & Warnings
May 29, 2014
Chia Powders and Smoothies Recalled Due to Salmonella Risk
On May 28, 2014, Navitas Naturals issued a voluntary recall of products containing its organic sprouted chia seed powder because they have the potential to be contaminated with Salmonella.
Recalls & Warnings
January 21, 2015
Smoothie Blends Recalled Due to Potential Listeria Contamination
On January 18, 2015, Inventure Foods, Inc. issued a recall of RADER FARMS Fresh Start Smoothie Blend, Fresh Start Sunrise Refresh Fusion, and Fresh Start Daily Power Fusion, because they have the potential to be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes.
Recalls & Warnings
December 22, 2014
Nutrition Bars Recalled Due to Potential Salmonella Contamination
On December 19, 2014, Perfect Bar & Company issued a recall of certain lots of Peanut Butter and Cranberry Crunch Nutrition Bars because they have the potential to be contaminated with Salmonella.
Recalls & Warnings
November 21, 2014
Seller of Silver Supplement Warned for Claiming to Treat Ebola and Other Viruses
On November 19, 2014, the FDA issued a warning letter to LifeSilver.com, following a review of the website, which found statements made about Silver sol to be drug claims.
Recalls & Warnings
September 26, 2014
Sellers of Essential Oils Warned for Claiming to Treat Ebola, Other Diseases
On September 22, 2014, the FDA issued a warning to Young Living following a review of websites, Pinterest, Facebook and Twitter accounts owned by Young Living distributors, which found statements made about the company's essential oils, including Thieves, Cinnamon Bark, Oregano, ImmuPower, ...
Recalls & Warnings
September 26, 2014
Seller Warned for Promoting Essential Oils to Treat Flu, MRSA, Measles and More
On September 22, 2014, the FDA issued a warning to doTERRA International, LLC.
News Release
June 15, 2016
28% of Protein Powders and Drinks Fail ConsumerLab.com's Tests of Quality
White Plains, New York, June 15, 2016 — Protein powders and drinks can help build and maintain muscle when combined with exercise and can also help with blood sugar control. However, recent ConsumerLab.
News Release
April 28, 2015
Best Supplements for Bone Health? ConsumerLab.com Finds Products with Multiple Ingredients More Likely to Contain Wrong Amounts
White Plains, New York, April 28, 2015 — Vitamin D and calcium each play a crucial role in bone health and are among the most popular supplement ingredients in the U.S., but recent ConsumerLab.
News Release
November 25, 2014
You Can't Judge a Dark Chocolate Bar by Its Label, According to Tests by ConsumerLab.com -- Amounts of Cocoa Flavanols Vary Widely Among Popular Brands of Chocolate
White Plains, New York, November 25, 2014 — Which dark chocolates provide the most cocoa flavanols — natural antioxidants associated with better blood flow and memory? Recent tests by ConsumerLab.
News Release
August 05, 2014
ConsumerLab.com Finds Popular Cocoa Powders Contaminated; High Concentrations of Cadmium Raise Concern
White Plains, New York, August 5, 2014 — Following up on its discovery in May of high levels of the toxic metal cadmium in several cocoa-based products, ConsumerLab.com recently tested additional, popular cocoa products sold in the U.S. to assess the extent of the problem.
News Release
May 21, 2014
Your Cocoa May Be Contaminated! ConsumerLab.com Reveals What’s Really in Cocoa and Chocolate Products
White Plains, New York, May 21, 2014 [See related new release on 8/5/14] — Cocoa powders, dark chocolates, and other products made from cacao beans can be rich in flavanols -- which may help with blood flow, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels.
Recalls & Warnings
January 24, 2003
FTC Challenges Weight-loss Claims for Slim Down Solution
The Federal Trade Commission today charged Slim Down Solution, LLC, Maderia Management, Inc., and several related companies and individuals with using false and unsubstantiated claims in the marketing and advertising of "Slim Down Solution" - a purported weight-loss product.